Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. May 24, Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. A pressure-derived physiological index, such as fractional flow reserve FFR is also an important measurement. Both MFR and FFR values are used to evaluate coronary physiology; however, but they are not interchangeable because each test has certain discrepancies. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of coronary physiology with PET compared to pressure-derived physiological indices.
In recent years, the requirement for pharmacological stress myocardial perfusion imaging SPECT has increased, and adenosine stress testing is now the mainstream. Selective adenosine A2A receptor agonists will be applied clinically in the future. By selectively activating only A2A receptors, it can reduce complications such as bronchospasm, hypotension, and bradycardia, which have been problems with adenosine stress tests.
In addition, since this drug can be administered in bolus injection, it has the advantage of being able to perform the test at one root.
Background : The myocardial perfusion stress conducted by physicians and nurses requires two imaging sessions, one during stress and the other during rest. Echocardiography is sometimes performed before delayed imaging, and medical laboratory technicians MLTs have similar exposure in such cases.
This study was designed to investigate the radiation exposure of physicians, nurses, radiologists, and MLTs involved in thallium chloride TlCl stress myocardial perfusion imaging and echocardiography, the details of which have not been reported to date. Methods : The dose rate at thallium Tl was examined using a cylindrical phantom. The exposure of physicians, nurses, and radiologists involved in the TlCl stress myocardial perfusion imaging was measured using pocket dosimeters, and that of the MLTs in charge of echocardiography were measured using glass-batch dosimeters.
The exposure dose for physicians, nurses, and radiological technologists that participated in TlCl stress myocardial perfusion imaging was 0. Conclusion : This study measured the dose received by physicians, nurses, and radiological technologists during stress MPI and the dose received by MLTs during echocardiography. The results provided advanced knowledge for the management of dose received by medical personnel.
A year-old asymptomatic man with electrocardiogram ECG abnormality was referred to our institution for cardiac exams. His ECG showed a bifascicular block, and the echocardiography demonstrated a wall motion abnormality in apex. Front panel controls allow adjustment of both the phase and magnitude of the local interference, providing extremely deep cancellation of the offending interference. The ANC-4 connects between the main station antenna and the receiver antenna connector.
A second antenna connects to the ANC-4 to act as a noise pickup antenna. To browse Academia. Skip to main content. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Kolja Brandtstedt. Download PDF. A short summary of this paper. Introductory words 2. One Party Domination 3. Dominance of the ANC 4. Conclusion 6. Introductory words South Africa is referred to as one of the success sto- ries in Africa regarding democratisation.
Moreover it made impressive progress on the way to democra- tic consolidation, although it is still in progress. The success story started in , with the end of the apartheid, and culminated in the first democratic elections in Therefore this paper is going to exame the impact of the dominant party system on democracy in South Africa. At first the paper defines the situation of a dominant party system in general in order to describe the situation in South Africa.
The paper will conclude with some closing comments and a rather small outlook into the future developments of democracy in South Africa. The questions now is, what constitutes democracy, what influ- ences the consolidation of democracies and what does one-party dominance exactly mean?
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